The idea for an 'opera' by the Wiener Sängerknaben was first mooted by the choir during Britten's visit to Vienna in October 1964. By May 1966 Britten had chosen the subject, and was planning the work with Colin Graham.
Vienna Boys' Choir, directed by Anton Neyder pf
According to the note in the score: 'The Vaudeville should be given in costume but without scenery . . . The action . . .should be mimed in a simple way and only a few basic properties, such as telescopes and a rope, are needed . . . A drum should be used for the sound of cannon fire.'
The work is based on one of the melodies associated with the old English ballad, printed in English county songs, collected and ed. L. Broadwood and J.A. Fuller Maitland (London: The Leadenhall Press, 1893).
Britten used the same melody as the basis for an unfinished work for voice and piano in ca. 1941-42, but the two works are otherwise unrelated. See The golden vanity.